An Overview of Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children

It is normal for children to experience some degreewitnessing or hearing about a traumatic event. These
of separation anxiety during the first few years ofevents may include such things as an earthquake or
their life until they are able to realize the fact thatother natural disaster, child abduction, stresses in the
the people they have become attached to such asfamily such as a death or divorce, and any significant
their parent or caregiver upon leaving them will in factchanges in the family structure.
return and has not "disappeared" or left themChildren of close-knit families are also at a higher risk
forever.for developing separation anxiety as are children who
Separation anxiety is most common among preschoolshow excessive fear and withdraw from unfamiliar or
age children when the primary caregiver or parentnew situations.
leave and the anxiety is usually temporary as theSymptoms and Treatment
child can typically be distracted by other children orWhen a child is suffering from a separation, there are
activities.a number of different physical and emotional
By the age of five, most children no longer havesymptoms that may be displayed that include having
such a strong fear of separation and are able to bea stomachache or headache especially when they
dropped of at school or daycare without distress.anticipate a separation from a parent or caregiver.
However, if a child exhibits severe emotional distressOther symptoms include the fear of their parents
or excessive fear after the age of five whenbeing out of their sight which causes them to "cling"
separated from close family members or caregivers,to the parent's side and persistently request sleeping
this may be a sign of a separation anxiety disorder.in bed with them.
Separation Anxiety Disorder and its Potential CausesThey may also experience nightmares in which they
It is estimated that about four percent of childrenhave been abandoned or separated from their
between the ages of six and twelve suffer from aparents. Excessive fear or panic in anticipation of
separation anxiety disorder. This disorder is definedhaving to leave their home and a refusal to go to
as an excessive or extreme fear when beingschool or any other event that would take them
separated from family members - particularly parentsaway from home are also signs of separation
- that is age-inappropriate.anxiety.
Children with separation anxiety have a fear that thatWhen it comes to the treatment of a separation
they may never see their parent or caregiver againanxiety, involvement of the parents is essential and
because they will become lost themselves or thatshould begin with educating themselves as much as
something bad will happen to the family member. Thispossible about this disorder and obtaining advice from
unwillingness for separation often causes isolationa professional in the field of childhood anxiety
from other children, a high rate of absence fromdisorders. In severe cases therapy may be
school, and underperforming academically.recommended which can include "CBT" or "cognitive
In some cases the cause of separation anxietybehavioral therapy", family therapy, play therapy, or
disorder may be due to the child experiencing,bibliotherapy.