Psychotherapy and the Struggle to Individuate

Having trouble individuating creates a wide variety ofSome children learn from a very young age to be
problems. When you haven't sufficiently individuated,what and who their parents need them to be. In
it is often difficult to know what you want and need.'wanting the best' for their children, some parents
If that is the case, finding satisfaction in life is notdon't understand that they are interfering with their
easy. You are stuck with questions such as: "Whatchild's ability to experience life by trial and error.
do I want?" "Do I like X?" "Should I be feeling this?"Children need to discover what they like and how
Marla* is an example of someone struggling withthey feel. They need to develop the capacity to
individuation.tolerate their own feelings and the negative feelings
Marla came to therapy at the age of 29. She was aexpressed by others in their lives. This is all part of
young woman who could find little satisfaction in herthe process of self discovery. It leads to feelings of
life. Her job as a computer programmer in a smallself confidence and is part of the individuation
retail company offered little satisfaction. She had oneprocess.
or two people at work whom she felt someAs we talked in therapy, Marla began to consider
connection to, but had no relationships with either ofthat she relied too much on her parents. However,
them outside of work. She had never been in ashe was conflicted since she was less anxious when
relationship with a man for more than two months.she went along with their choices rather than make
At the time she came to see me, she was using anher own decisions. As we talked, Marla also began to
internet dating service, but rarely found a man shediscover that she was not very clear about what she
was interested in. Her perfectionism resulted in herwanted and so was very afraid of making the wrong
ruling most potential matches out as either notdecisions. She expected that her father, a very
educated enough, not good looking enough, not richcritical man, would berate her for doing the wrong
enough. Marla had two friends from college whomthing. Our talking also helped Marla to become aware
she was in some contact with. One, Fred, was in aof how much she liked being the good daughter. It
committed relationship with Philip, his partner of 3seemed like not developing an independent self was
years. The other, Connie was single and also usinga small price to pay for being seen as the good
the internet to find a relationship. However, Conniedaughter. It had been worth it. But now, at the age
frequently found men to go out with and was not asof 29, being the good daughter was not enough.
available for socializing with Marla as she would like.However, she was terrified to give that up. She did
Connie was also (according to Marla) very beautifulnot know that there might be options between being
and this created a lot of envy for Marla.a bad daughter or a good daughter. But it was going
Marla had always found reasons for keepingto take time to tolerate the grays. Being the good
relationships at a distance. Like many peoplechild can often conflict with being oneself. Giving up
struggling with individuation, she worried a great dealthe rewards that come with such a favored
about whether people liked her and found itdesignation can be very difficult. The choice to remain
intolerable to imagine that anyone would have anywho the parents see you as and want you to be is
negative feelings toward her. To assure that onlynot easily surrendered.
positive feelings existed between her and her friends,It wasn't easy for Marla to keep talking and to begin
Marla was pleasing, sensitive to what the otherto take small steps to get to know what she
needed and was inclined to go along. She was notwanted. She was clear that she wanted a relationship.
individuated. She had only a vague sense that sheBut she had not recognized that a major difficulty
was paying a price for giving up her own desires.that kept her from pursuing a relationship was her
Marla had a very close relationship with her parentsworry that she would be taken over or criticized by
who lived nearby Marla's apartment. She frequentlythe other. She had no sense she could have her own
went home for dinner or went out with them to athoughts and feelings in a relationship and not be told
concert or movie. Marla's older brother, Ted, hadshe was wrong. How could she feel okay in a
moved to another state where he lived with his wiferelationship if she was different from her partner?
and two daughters. He had little contact with theMarla is finding more men of interest in her internet
family. Marla was seen by her parents as the gooddating and has come to understand that she was
child. She was the one who stayed close to homeusing her perfectionism to avoid a relationship. She is
and kept in close touch.beginning to consider that she can have her own
When Marla confided her unhappiness to her parentsopinion or needs in relation to someone she is dating
they would get impatient with her. They wanted herand that it doesn't have to mean she will be criticized
to do something to make herself more satisfied andor rejected. Marla has also been working on saying
found it hard to tolerate her unhappiness. They wouldNO to her parents. She has told them that she
often press her to follow up on job ads they woulddoesn't want them to be looking for a job for her.
find on the internet or bring her catalogs they hadHer parents responded well to her request.
obtained about graduate programs. Marla wouldAs the individuation process proceeds, the self
describe to me how from the time she was a youngbecomes increasingly aware of what is satisfying.
child, her parents always did everything for her. TheyThe individual is learning what I want and desire,
chose her clothes, had strong opinions about herrather than what I am supposed to wish for. An
friends, helped her extensively with her homework.individuated person is able to make choices and
Later, they picked her college and decorated hertolerate the consequences. Whether expressing or
apartment. They still helped choose her clothes.receiving negative feelings, an individuated person has
When Marla would express a preference, sheenough confidence that they, the other and the
typically was told her choices were not the bestrelationship can survive.
ones. Marla's mother was obsessed with Marla's looks* Names and identifying information have been
and suggested at age 15, that Marla get a nose job.changed to protect client confidentiality *
When Marla agreed, her mother's anxiety about the©Copyright 2010 by Beverly Amsel, Ph.D.
surgery pushed Marla into a series of panic attacks.