Sandtray Therapy

Sandtray therapy is an expressive form ofto begin the processing phase by saying, "Tell me
psychotherapy in which clients use miniature figuresabout your scene," the client may be experiencing
to create scenes in the sand. Most sandtrayfeelings as she creates her scene. If the client is
therapists use a tray that is 30 x 20 x 3 inches withexperiencing an emotion after creating the sandtray
a blue floor and blue sides. The advantage ofscene, I might start the processing phase of therapy
sandtray over traditional talk therapy is clients areby saying, "It looks like you're feeling something.
allowed to create metaphors, which allow them toWhat is it like to create this scene?" In the humanistic
express feelings symbolically rather than verbally.approach to sandtray processing, the focus is on a
Sandtray therapy is a type of play therapy (Flahivehere-and-now exploration of emotions. During this
and Ray, 2007) and like play therapy affords clientsphase of sandtray therapy, my main goal with the
an activity-based mode of expression. Homeyer andclient is to facilitate a process of exploration,
Sweeney (1998) noted that sandtray provides a safeexpression, awareness and discovery.
psychological distance for clients. This distance can beTheory of Change
very beneficial to traumatized or bereaved clientsAll humanistic therapies focus primarily on the quality
who may avoid direct verbal expressions of painfulof the therapeutic relationship. Humanistic sandtray
emotions.therapy is based upon a deep and accepting
Like many forms of psychotherapy, there aretherapeutic relationship and an approach to sandtray
numerous theoretical approaches to sandtrayprocessing that focuses on here-and-now
therapy, but in this article, only two approaches willexperiencing. Humanistic sandtray theory emphasizes
be mentioned: Jungian and humanistic sandtraythe role of awareness in psychological growth and
therapy. Most Jungian therapists actually call sandtraychange. I change not by trying to be something
therapy "sandplay therapy." Many Jungian therapistsother than who I am but rather I change by being
believe that that it is unnecessary for clients tofully aware of how I am (Carson, 2003). This theory
discuss their scenes after they create them. In otherof change has several implications but let's focus on
words, these therapists believe that creating atwo of them: self-acceptance and self-awareness. If
sandplay scene is in and of itself a completeI do not have to be something I am not, I can
experience. I would agree that the actual creation ofaccept myself. In other words, this theory promotes
sandtray scenes is very therapeutic but disagree thatself-acceptance. If I truly believe that deep down in
it is sufficient for growth and change.the core of my being that I am acceptable and
In humanistic sandtray therapy, the creation phase ofokay-and many people do not believe this-then being
sandtray therapy sets a tone for exploration andmore aware of myself is a good thing. However, if I
discovery as clients look at the miniatures and findbelieve that the real me is unacceptable, knowing
connections to them. I usually ask clients to, "Createmyself is not a good thing. In fact, if I believe that
a scene of your life the way it is now." Some clientswho I really am is unacceptable, it would make sense
get lost in the process of arranging the miniaturesto avoid knowing myself.
just the way they want them. If the creation phaseGiven the importance of awareness in this theory of
is a meaningful experience for clients, if they arechange, it is critical for humanistic therapists to be
seeing and thinking about aspects of their lives thathighly skilled in facilitating client awareness. By
they normally do not focus on, then the processingfocusing on in-the-moment experiencing, therapists
phase-talking about the scene and experiencing it-hascreate an environment in which clients pay attention
begun internally. Moving to the verbal processingto how they are and what they are feeling. Unlike
phase is much more natural when clients allowJungian sandplay, emphasis is placed upon awareness
themselves to experience the creation phase.rather than insight.
Though it is typical for humanistic sandtray therapists